Ricardo has a long and diverse history of working on non-gasoline spark ignition engines. From heavy and medium duty gas engines to spark ignited heavy fuel engines for military applications, Ricardo enjoys over 25 years of flex fuel experience. With the advent of alcohol fuels for energy security and bio purposes, this has more recently involved the specification & design, calibration and validation of production applications up to E85. Ricardo are currently undertaking a US DoE sponsored research program on optimised FFV GDI demonstrator and recently delivered a CNG gas bus engine.